Farewell Sermon:
(10 Hijri 632):
When all the tribes of Arabia accepted the call of truth and the Arab light was illuminated by Islam and a group of Muslims was prepared to guide the whole world, then a Surah of the Holy Qur’an was revealed!
اِذَا جَآءَ نَصْرُ اللّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ(²)وَرَاَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُوْنَ فِىْ دِيْنِ اللّهِ اَفْوَاجًا(³) فَسبح بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ ۚ اِنَّهٝ كَانَ تَوَّابًإٕ ”
Translation: Help has come and judgment has arrived and you have seen people entering God's religion in groups. Praise and glorify God and ask for His forgiveness! And God is Oft-Repentant.”
With the revelation of these verses, you realized that the work of Hazrat Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) has now ended and there is no longer any need for him to stay in this world. He decided and informed all the tribes so that all the Muslims would be taught all the basic principles of religion and morals. As soon as the Hajj was announced, a large number of people came to Madinah to go on Hajj with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
Sermon on Hajj Farewell and Departure from Madinah:
So, on 26th Dhu Qa’dah 10 Hijri, they left Madinah. At the time of departure, 90 thousand people were with Hazrat Muhammad, peace be upon him. On the way, people from different tribes walked with him. Forty thousand people performed Hajj this year with the Prophet (peace be upon him) as if there were only human beings around him.
Entrance to Makkah:
After staying at the place of Dhul-Hilaifah, he put on Ihram and then this caravan of God’s Prophet Muhammad Mustafa (peace be upon him) entered Makkah on the 5th of Dhul-Hijjah. O God, bestow honor and greatness upon this house, after that he performed circumambulation and offered two rak’at prayers at Maqam Ibrahim, then he visited Mount Safa and said: There is no god but God. That God is One, God has no partner, the government of the country and all honors belong to God, He alone kills, He alone feeds, He alone has power over all things. There is no god but this God, He fulfilled His promise and helped His servant and single-handedly defeated all the tribes.
Mani and Arafat:
He got down from Safa and visited Marwah. Here, after performing Tawaf-Wasa’i prayer, on the 8th of Zul-Hijjah, he visited Mina with the Muslims and stayed there. On the second day i.e., 9 Dhu al-Hijjah, after Fajr, they went to Arafat field with the Muslims. At about two o’clock, he rode on his camel and gave the last and famous farewell sermon, which is known in the history of Islam as the farewell sermon. This Khutba Hujata al-Wida is said to be the essence and summary of all Islamic teachings. Since he gave the last and well-known sermon, this sermon is known as the Farewell Sermon in the history of Islam.
Farewell Sermon:
¹ "Praise":
All praises are for God alone, we praise Him, seek His help, seek forgiveness from Him for our sins and express our regret before Him. We seek refuge in Him from the temptations in our hearts and the evils of our actions. O God, whomsoever You grant guidance to walk on the path, no one can mislead him, and whom You do not grant guidance, no one can guide him to the right path.
² "Meeting the Lord":
Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (peace be upon him) said: O people! You will meet your Lord very soon and all of you will have to give an account of your deeds. Be careful not to go astray after me and not to cut each other’s necks.
³ "The fear of God and the admonition of goodness" :
People, there is neither a prophet after me nor a new nation to be born. Listen carefully to worship your Lord and pray five times. Keep fasting for one month of Ramadan in a year and pay Zakat on wealth very cheerfully. Perform Hajj to the House of Kaaba and obey your commanding authorities, the reward of which is that Allah will enter you into Paradise.
⁴ “Instructions for listening attentively”:
When Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) started his last sermon, he instructed all the Muslims to listen carefully and said, “Listen to me carefully, maybe I will not be able to meet you again in this place after today.”
⁵ "Who protects life and property":
Hazrat Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, People! Your blood, your wealth, and your honor are forbidden to each other, just as you respect this day, this city, and this month. People, you have to meet your God soon and give an account of your deeds.
⁶ "Monotheism and Prophethood":
And I declare the fact that there is no god but Allah, He alone has no partner, and I declare the fact that Hazrat Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, is the servant of Allah and His Messenger, the servant of Allah! I exhort and exhort you to worship this God. I begin with that which leads to good.
⁷ "Determining the forbidden months":
O people! Alternation of forbidden months is an increase in the behavior of disbelief, and by this the disbelievers fall further into error, i.e. they declare a month as halal at one time and declare the same month as haram at another time. So that they complete the number of months forbidden by God by going back and forth. Indeed, today the age has come to the same condition as it was at that time when God created the heavens and the earth, that is, the number of months in God’s presence is exactly twelve. As it is in the Book of Allah, and four months are forbidden in them. Those four months are as follows
⁷ "Determining the forbidden months":
O people! Alternation of forbidden months is an increase in the behavior of disbelief, and by this the disbelievers fall further into error, i.e. they declare a month as halal at one time and declare the same month as haram at another time. So that they complete the number of months forbidden by God by going back and forth. Indeed, today the age has come to the same condition as it was at that time when God created the heavens and the earth, that is, the number of months in God’s presence is exactly twelve. As it is in the Book of Allah, and four months are forbidden in them. Those four months are as follows
(1) Dhi Qa’da
(2) Dhul-Hajj
(3) Muharram
(4) Rajab
⁸ "Quran and Sunnah":
To guide the Ummah, Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “I have conveyed the truth.” I am leaving two things between you, one is the Book of Allah (Qur’an) and the other is my Sunnah, whoever holds fast to these two things will never go astray.
⁹ "Women's Rights":
People! Fear Allah concerning your wives. In the name of Allah, you have made them your wives and by the word of Allah you have made their bodies lawful for you. Your right over women is that they should not allow anyone else to come to your bed, but if they do so, beat them in such a way that it is not visible. Women’s right over you is that you should feed them well and clothe them well.
¹⁰ "Universal Equality":
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “All Muslims are brothers; you are all children of Adam. Adam, peace be upon him, was created from dust.” There is no superiority of an Arab over a foreigner and a black over a white. All human beings are equal.
¹¹ "Obedience to the Rich":
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said about obeying the emir that obeying one’s emir, even if an Abyssinian slave is the emir, but if he makes a decision according to the Qur’an and the Sunnah, it is obligatory on you to obey him.
¹² "Abolition of Age of Ignorance":
Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said: I trample under my feet every word of ignorance. Except giving water to the pilgrims and serving the Kaaba, I meet all the disputes of Jahiliyyah. First blood that belongs to my family. (The blood of Rabi’ah bin Harith who used to drink milk in Bani Rabi’ah and was killed by Badil) I leave.
¹³ "Sanctity of Usury":
Sudi business was widespread in Arabia. The rich man was ready to suck the blood of the poor man. In practice, the debtor was the slave of his creditor, therefore, Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) declared all types of usury of Jahiliya as invalid and said, “First of all, I forgive the usury of Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib in my family.”
¹⁴ "Order of preaching":
Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) said at the end of the farewell sermon, “Now the religion has been completed and now it is necessary for you people to convey my religion to the people who will come until the Day of Resurrection, that is, this religion of the people who will be born until the Day of Resurrection.” Taken.
¹⁵ "Devil's Despair":
In the Farewell Hajj Sermon, Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) further said that Satan has now been defeated forever by this hand, that there will be no idolatry here either, only one God will be worshiped and Hajj will be performed according to the Ibrahimi Sunnah.
¹⁶ "Emphasis on three things":
Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) emphasized three things at the end of his farewell sermon.
(1) Be sincere in action.
(2) Wishing well to a Muslim brother
(3) Always maintain unity in the congregation.
These three things keep the chest and heart pure.
¹⁷ "Completing religion":
When Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) had delivered the farewell sermon, the following verses were revealed.