Ghazwa Tabuk:
Rajab 9 Hijri 630:
The battle of Tabuk took place in the year 9 Hijri according to November 630. This was the last battle of the Holy Prophet, in which he did not actually fight, but it was a most difficult journey and trial.
Causation:
Buk is the name of a place between Madinah and Damascus because the Holy Prophet stayed here in this war campaign, accordingly it is called Ghazwa Tabuk.
Reasons (Jang Mota Jumadi al-Awwal 08 / 630 AD):
The main reason for the Ghazwa Tabuk invasion was the war of death. After the Peace of Hudaybiyah, the Holy Prophet wrote a letter of invitation to the ruler of the border regions of Syria, Shahrabil bin Amr. And giving this letter to Harith bin Umayr, he sent him to Shahrabil.
The killing of Harith bin Umayr:
Shahrabil did not accept the invitation letter of the Holy Prophet, but killed Harith bin Umayr as if it was an open declaration of war. In order to avenge Harith bin Umayr, the Holy Prophet sent an army of 3,000 men towards Syria.
Fighting the enemies of Islam:
In the battle of tabuk, the three commanders of the Muslim army were martyred. In this difficult time, Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed took the command of the Muslim army and rescued these three thousand armies from a hundred thousand enemy army. Seeing this resourceful ability of Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed, the Holy Prophet awarded him the title of Saifullah. The following year, the Holy Prophet himself led the army, thus the Battle of Tabuk took place in response to the Battle of Muta.
Military preparation:
It was a direct war with the Roman Empire. The Ghassani dynasty, which ruled Syria on behalf of Caesar Rome, raised a formidable army against the Muslims. When the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) received information about this war preparation, he prepared 30,000 calashkars. In this battle, Hazrat Abu Bakr gave all the property of his house and Hazrat Umar gave half of his property. And he himself went to Tabuk with Lashkar-i-Islam.
The conspiracy of the hypocrites and their arrival in Tabuk:
The hypocrites not only participated in this battle themselves, but they also spread fear and panic among the common Muslims and discouraged the army. On reaching Tabuk, it was found that the news of the Ghassani family’s war preparations was not very true, but these chiefs had prepared conspiracies against the Muslims. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) arrived at Tabuk and stayed for twenty days. Although the King of Rome Heracles was in Syria, he This military campaign of the Muslims was very successful and the Muslims made a peace agreement with the Christians living on the border areas, thus this threat was avoided to a great extent. The hypocrites were left behind in this battle, but three young Muslim companions could not accompany the Holy Prophet because of their human weakness, including Hazrat Ka’b bin Malik, Hilal bin Umayyah and Marara bin Rabi’ah.
Social boycott:
On their return from Ghazwa, the hypocrites took false oaths and apparently satisfied the Holy Prophet (PBUH), but these three Companions were boycotted for fifty days. The battle of Tabuk is best commented on in this Surah in the Holy Qur’an.
Effects and results:
Although the Muslims did not actually fight against the Christians, it was a very trying time. The Holy Qur’an called it “Sa’at al-Asra” (i.e., the most difficult hour) in Surah Al-Tawbah. It had the following effects in Islamic history.
- The greatest empire of the world, Rome, was attacked by the Muslims
- A peace treaty was made with the non-Muslims living in the border areas, which strengthened the defense of Medina.
- In this battle, the children of the believers and the hypocrites came forward openly and the verses of Surat al-Munafiqun and Surat al-Tawbah were revealed in condemnation of the hypocrites.
- So far, the wars of the Muslims were limited to the interior of Arabia. The Muslims gained international war experiences from this invasion
The service of non-jihad:
Since three Companions could not participate in this battle without any reason, they were socially boycotted. The social boycott of these three sincere Companions proved to be a condemnation of lagging behind in Jihad, which increases the importance of Jihad.
The last battle of the Holy Prophet:
This military campaign proved to be the last campaign of the Holy Prophet. And after about a year and a half, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) died (ana Lilah wa ina alayhi rajiyun) but in the last days of his life he killed the martyrs (Zayd bin Haritha, Jafar Tayyar and Abdullah bin Rawaha) to take revenge from the Christians. Prepared an army, the commander of which was Hazrat Osama Bin Zayed. As soon as Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique took over the caliphate, he dispatched Lashkar Osama, thus the conquest of Tabuk was completed by going too far Siddiqui.